T.D. HINE SwStr: t. 206; l. 147'; b. 30'; dph. 6' T. D. HINE, also called HINE, was built at Jeffersonville, Ind., in 1860 and taken into Confederate service as a transport. She operated principally in the Mississippi and Red Rivers until captured by the Federals during 1865. TACONY Bark: t. 296; dr. 12'; a. 1 12-pdr. how. TACONY, also called FLORIDA No. 2, was built in 1856 at Newcastle, Del. While traveling in ballast from Port Royal, S.C., to Philadelphia, Pa., she was captured on 12 June 1863 by the brig CLARENCE, under Lt. C. W. Read, CSN, which in turn had been captured and then detached by CSS FLORIDA. Lieutenant Read, finding TACONY a far better vessel than his own, transferred his force to her and burned CLARENCE. Now called FLORIDA NO. 2 by her captors, TACONY sailed northward along the New England coast to harass Union shipping. Between 12 June and 24 June TACONY captured 15 vessels. Her last prize captured on 24 June was the small fishing schooner ARCHER. By now subject to a frantic and intensive search by the U.S. Navy, Lieutenant Read transferred his force to ARCHER, hoping to avoid his pursuers. He burned TACONY on the same day 25 June 1863. TALLAHASSEE ScStr: t. 500dw.; l. 220'; b. 24'; dph. 14'; s. 17 k.; cpl. 120; a. 3 gun CSS TALLAHASSEE, formerly the blockade runner ATALANTA built on the Thames River in England, had passed through the blockade at Wilmington, N.C., several times before being purchased in 1864 by the Confederate States Navy. Twin-screw ferry ATALANTA had the name of an "admirable sea boat," very stable yet fast, having made the Dover-Calais crossing in 77 minutes on an even keel. She had been turned out by J. W. Dudgeon of Millwall for London, Chatham & Dover Rly. Co. to the design of Capt. T. E. Symonds, RN, with twin 100-h.p. engines. After she was commissioned and prepared for sea TALLAHASSEE was placed under Comdr. J. T. Wood, CSN, who took her through the blockade on 6 August 1864 and made a brilliant l9-day raid off the Atlantic coast as far north as Halifax, N.S. Being unable to procure enough coal to continue, Cdr. John Taylor Wood was forced to return to Wilmington where he arrived safely Page 572 on the 26th. During this short cruise TALLAHASSEE destroyed 26 vessels and captured 7 others which were bonded or released. Renamed OLUSTEE and placed under the command of Lt. W. H. Ward, CSN, she ran through the blockade off Wilmington again on 29 October, but suffered some damage from Federal guns. She captured and destroyed six ships off the Capes of Delaware before having to return for coal. She thwarted attempts by SASSACUS to capture her on 6 November and by four other United States ships on 7 November, finally passing into the safety of Wilmington harbor. Following these cruises OLUSTEE's battery was removed and she was renamed CHAMELEON. With Lt. J. Wilkinson, CSN, in command she ran through the blockade on 24 December 1864 while the United States fleet was preoccupied with bombarding Fort Fisher, and she proceeded to Bermuda to obtain provisions for the Confederate army. Upon his return to the Confederate States, Wilkinson made two attempts to enter one of the southern ports, but finding it impossible, he took CHAMELEON to Liverpool, England, and turned her over to Comdr. J. D. Bullock, CSN, financial agent of the Confederate Navy Department. On her arrival in England on 9 April 1865 CHAMELEON was seized and sold by the British authorities and was about to enter the merchant service when the United States instituted suit for possession. She was awarded to the United States Government and handed over to the consul at Liverpool on 26 April 1866. TALOMICO SwStr: cpl. 20; a. 2 guns CSS TALOMICO was stationed at Savannah, Ga., 1861-63. Her commanding officer was First Assistant Engineer J. L. Fabian, CSN. She was reported to have sunk accidentally at Savannah in 1863. Page 573 TEASER ScTug: t. 64; l. 80'; b. 18'; dph. 7'; a. 1 32-pdr. r., 1 12-pdr. r. CSS TEASER had been the aging Georgetown, D.C., tug YORK RIVER built at Philadelphia. Purchased at Richmond by the State of Virginia in 1861, she was assigned to the naval forces in the James River with Lt. J. H. Rochelle, Virginia State Navy, in command. Upon the secession of that State TEASER became a part of the Confederate Navy and continued to operate in Virginia waters. With Lt. W. A. Webb, CSN, in command, she took an active part in the battle of Hampton Roads, Va., on 8-9 March 1862, acting as tender to CSS VIRGINIA. She received the thanks of the Congress of the Confederate States for this action. TEASER was a pioneer "aircraft carrier" (balloon ship); she also became a pioneer minelayer when ordered 17 June to assist Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Under Lt. H. Davidson, CSN, she was used by the Confederate Naval Submarine Battery Service to plant and service "torpedoes" (mines) in the James River. While engaging MARATANZA at Haxall's on the James 4 July 1862, a Union shell blew up TEASER's boiler and forced her crew to abandon ship. When seized by MARATANZA, TEASER was carrying on board a balloon for aerial reconnaissance of Union positions at City Point and Harrison's Landing. TEASER was taken into the Federal Navy, and sold at Washington, D.C. on 24 June 1865. Cutter Surviving records of CS Cutter TEASER are limited to an order of 19 August 1863 from Adm. F. Buchanan CSN, to Acting Master D. Nichols, CSN, Mobile: "You will proceed to sea in the cutter TEASER and cruise between this port and the Mississippi River for the purpose of destroying or capturing any of the enemy's vessels or boats you may fall in with. Should you succeed in making any captures you will convey them to a safe port, and on your arrival you will make a full report to me of your cruise." Scarcely more than a month later, Nichols captured "a new and very fast screw steamer," the LEVIATHAN (q.v.), and nearly escaped to sea in her through Southwest Pass, 22 September. His daring exploit was reported by his captor, Capt. W. M. Walker, commanding USS DE SOTO, who enclosed a copy of Nichols' brand new commission dated 5 August, as "acting master (without pay) in the Navy of the Confederate States" and the articles of enlistment of his crew. Captain Walker, who won the 35- mile, life-and-death race, noted in his report to Secretary Welles, "I feel great satisfaction in announcing this success, for when the BOSTON, a very much inferior vessel, was carried off some months ago by a similar enterprise we soon fell upon her track, and thus had the opportunity of witnessing the desolation she had spread in her path, blackening the seas in her wake with the charred memorials of many fine ships. I shall send the LEVIATHAN with her desperate band to New Orleans. TENNESSEE IrcRam: l. 165'; b. 35'; dr. 11' 6"; s. 8 k.; cpl. 200; a. des. for 6 guns; type ARKANSAS TENNESSEE was begun by John T. Shirley and Co., at Memphis, Tenn., under fixed price contract for $76,920. Chief constructor of the twin-screw ironclad was a Mr. Prime Emerson. In correspondence with Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk, CSA, throughout January 1862, seeking Army workmen from Columbus, Ky., Secretary Mallory promised for TENNESSEE and her sister, ARKANSAS, building at Shirley's yard, that "with such aid as mechanics under your command can afford, they may be completed, I am assured, in 60 days." The desired "shipwrights, carpenters and joiners in the Army" were refused-"on furlough or otherwise"-although the general was reminded that, "One of them at Columbus would have enabled you to complete the annihilation of the enemy ... Mr. Shirley," Mallory prophesied correctly, "will fail in completing them within the stipulated time entirely from the difficulty of obtaining workmen", although they "would be worth many regiments in defending the river." Little more is known of the first TENNESSEE, who was never completed-she was burned on the stocks by order of the provost marshal, 5 June 1862, to escape capture. IrcRam: t. 1,273; l. 209'; b. 48'; dr. 14'; cpl. 133; a. 2 7" r., 4 6.4" r.; type COLUMBIA, modified TENNESSEE, a slow-moving ironclad ram, was built at Selma, Ala., where she was commissioned on 16 February 1864, Lt. J. D. Johnston, CSN, in command. BALTIC towed her to Mobile where she fitted out for action. TENNESSEE was laid down in October 1862, hull and other woodwork turned out by Henry D. Bassett, who launched her the following February, ready for towing to Mobile to be engined and armed. Her steam plant came from ALONZO CHILD (q.v.); only casemate design differed materially from COLUMBIA and TEXAS (#5 inf.) Her iron mail was the same 2" by 10" plate used on HUNTSVILLE and TUSCALOOSA but triple instead of double thickness. A fearsome detail of her armament was a Page 574 "hot water attachment to her boilers for repelling boarders, throwing one stream from forward of the casemate and one abaft." The vicissitudes implicit in creating such an ironclad are graphically conveyed by Admiral Franklin Buchanan, writing 20 September 1863 to Secretary Mallory: "The work on the TENNESSEE has progressed for some weeks past, under Mr. Pierce, as fast as the means in his power would permit. There is much delay for want of plate and bolt iron. It was impossible to iron both sponsons at the same time, as the vessel had to be careened several feet to enable them to put the iron on. Even then several of the workmen were waist deep in the water to accomplish it-to careen her, large beams 12 feet square had to be run out of her posts and secured, on which several tons of iron had to be placed, and during the progress of putting on the sponson iron the shield iron could not be put on. The work has been carried on night and day when it could be done advantageously. I visited the NASHVILLE and TENNESSEE frequently and, to secure and control the services of the mechanics, I have had them all conscripted and detailed to work under my orders. Previously, they were very independent and stopped working when they pleased ***" Joseph Pierce referred to was Acting Naval Constructor in the Mobile area. TENNESSEE became flagship of Adm. F. Buchanan, and served gallantly in action in the Battle of Mobile Bay on 5 August 1864. On that morning TENNESSEE and wooden gunboats CSS GAINES, CSS MORGAN, and CSS SELMA, steamed into combat against Adm. D. G. Farragut's powerful fleet of four ironclad monitors and 14 wooden steamers. Unable to ram the Union ships because of their superior speed, TENNESSEE delivered a vigorous fire on the Federals at close range. The Confederate gunboats were sunk or dispersed. Farragut's fleet steamed up into the bay and anchored. Buchanan might have held TENNESSEE under the fort's protection but bravely steamed after the Federal fleet and engaged despite overwhelming odds. The ram became the target for the entire Union fleet. TENNESSEE was rammed by several ships, and her steering chains were carried away by the heavy gunfire. Unable to maneuver, TENNESSEE was battered repeatedly by heavy solid shot from her adversaries. With two of her men killed, Admiral Buchanan and eight others wounded, and increasingly severe damage being inflicted on her, TENNESSEE was forced to surrender. TENNESSEE was taken into the Navy and was later commissioned on 19 August 1865. She was sold at public auction in New Orleans on 27 November 1867. SwStr: t. 1,275[1,149]; dr. 16' 6" TENNESSEE was a "very strong," oceangoing steamer built in Baltimore in 1854 for Charles Morgan's Texas Line and one of the 14 Morgan ships and tugs seized by Maj. Gen. Mansfield Lovell, CSA, 15 January 1862, at New Orleans. Inspected by Captain Leonard Rousseau, CSN, she was ruled too deep for upriver service as a gunboat, but it was noted that she could carry enough fuel to reach Europe; appropriately, TENNESSEE was reserved for a Government-operated blockade runner. She probably made one trip to Havana in February, although four days after her alleged arrival there General Lovell was writing a memorandum that she could not get out of the Mississippi. But she was in New Orleans two months later, when Farragut's forces entered, 25 April. Sold in prize court for $96,000, she was commissioned 2 May 1862, still at New Orleans and name unchanged until 1 September 1864; her renaming was a natural result of the capture of Confederate ironclad ram TENNESSEE at Mobile Bay in August. As USS MOBILE, she was sold at public auction in New York City, 30 March 1865. TEXAS Str TEXAS, belonging to the Texas Line of Charles H. Morgan's Southern Steamship Co., was one of the group seized by Louisiana Governor Moore at New Orleans, 28 April 1861, and is the second ship mentioned in Secretary of War Benjamin's 14 January 1862 order to Gen. Mansfield Lovell to "impress immediately for public service the 14 ships hereafter named ***" Although she was probably surveyed by the CSN for a wooden gunboat along with the other Morgan liners, we found no record of her being armed. The army probably kept her; several references in 1862-63 indicate she was a valued troop transport or supply steamer or both as local military needs directed. General Pemberton ordered her from the Red to the Big Black River in March 1863; Admiral Porter was alerted to capture her in that area before 1 June but, whether burned or seized by the Federals, she does not appear again in records now available. SwStr: t. 800; a. 8 guns; cpl. 125 to 150 CS Privateer TEXAS' prospective owner and captain, Charles de Montel of Castroville, Medina County, Tex., applied 8 January 1863 at San Antonio for a letter of marque to commission a vessel alleged to be already his property-although it appears from the documents that he was then a soldier "in a frontier company as captain and soon to be mustered out." Captain de Montel being "an old sailor who has seen service and is besides a very brave and energetic man," his application in absentia was apparently accepted by President Davis. TEXAS therefore, may have served the Confederacy out of Corpus Christi or elsewhere, but subsequent activity has not been preserved in records now available. Corvette: t. 1,500; l. 220'; b. 30'; dr. 16'; s. 14 k.; a. 14 30-pdr. r. The steam corvette TEXAS was intended for but did not join the CSN. Secretary of the Navy S R. Mallory writing Comdr. James D. Bulloch CSN, in Paris, 22 February 1864, directs that " *** your four corvettes *** may be called LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, TEXAS and GEORGIA." Two, camouflaged under the names of OSACCA and YEDDO, were then building at Bordeaux by the firm of L. Arman, while the other pair, masquerading as SAN FRANCISCO (presumably intended to be TEXAS) and SHANGHAI, took shape in the yards of Jollet, Babier, and of Th. Dubigeon & Sons at Nantes- their 400-hp. engines were fabricated by Mazeline of Havre. The four are described as being full-rigged large ships with beautiful poop cabins, large topgallant foc'sles, iron spars and a large spread of canvas. Prussia bought the Bordeaux-built pair and Peru the Nantes corvettes when the French Government stopped their sale to the Confederacy. TEXAS, rechristened AMERICA in the Peruvian Navy, was lost in the tidal wave and earthquake at Arica, Chile, in 1868. Composite (wood & iron) ScStr: t. 1,000; l. 230'; b. 32'; dph. 20' The cruiser secretly assigned the name TEXAS was unable to serve the Confederacy at sea, but rumors of her potential as a commerce raider roused such hopes and fears that she is of considerable historical importance. About 3 November 1863 she was Clyde launched as PAMPERO at James & George Thomson's Clyde Bank Iron Page 575 Shipyard, Glasgow. It was by then clear that the corvette TEXAS (q.v.) would not be released by France. At Clydebank she was alternatively known as CANTON, but more often referred to in Confederate correspondence as "Sinclair's ship" (Comdr. George T. Sinclair, CSN, supervised her construction). Flag Officer Samuel Barron, heading the CSN procurement commission in Paris, wrote just after her launch, "She is advertised for cargo, and there are hopes of getting her out of the waters of Great Britain without serious embarrassment. She is an uncommonly fine vessel in all respects, and if we get possession of her she will do good service against the commerce of our enemies ***" Notable features included a lifting screw to eliminate drag when under sail only and a handy telescopic funnel. TEXAS' dimensions and appearance were very similar to ALABAMA's except that the former had a poop and topgallant forecastle. Both were bark- rigged with iron fore and mainmasts, capable of a wide spread of canvas, and patent reefing topsails. Too early fame proved TEXAS' undoing: a sketch of her, captioned with accurate dimensions from Clyde-bank, even appeared in The Illustrated London News, 2 January 1864. The U.S. Minister in London was only too well aware of the specter of a new and improved ALABAMA, both Union and British observers kept "PAMPERO" and the Confederate agents under closest surveillance. By November 1864, Commodore Barron had bowed to the inevitable and wrote from Paris on the 9th to Secretary of the Navy Mallory, " *** I have discountenanced all idea of selling the TEXAS. True, we certainly can never get her out during the continuance of hostilities, but she is a fine vessel, and in the event of an armistice she could be got out in a week. I shall, therefore, retain Commander Sinclair out here until further orders from the department." IrcRam: l. 217'; b. 50' 4"; loaded draft 13'6"; dph. 13'; cpl. 50; a. 4 pivots, 2 broadside guns; type COLUMBIA CSS TEXAS was a twin-screw ironclad in an outfitting berth at Richmond which her builders failed to blow up before evacuating the Navy Yard in the Confederate capital on 3 April 1865. Launched about mid-January, TEXAS was seized by Union forces who moved her to Norfolk Navy Yard, where she was sold 15 October 1867. A sister to COLUMBIA with shortened casemate, she is generally regarded as one of the most valuable hulls ever constructed for the Confederacy. SwStr: t. 1,223 [1,151] TEXAS was one of the 14 Morgan liners seized at New Orleans by Maj. Gen. Mansfield Lovell, 15 January 1862, acting under Secretary of War Benjamin's oft quoted order. She was built at New York City in November 1852 as a wooden, full-rigged ship and altered in April 1856 to a paddlewheel steamer. One source indicates she was under foreign flag in 1860, however unlikely this may appear to be. Although equipped with low-pressure steam plant, TEXAS was considered too large for a cottonclad ram; she proved far more valuable as a Government-operated blockade runner, completing 13 runs to Havana with large cotton cargoes, returning with saltpetre, arms and ammunition. THEODORA SwStr: t. 518; l. 175'; dr. 7'; s. 16 k.; cpl. 50; a. 3 guns THEODORA, originally named CAROLINA, then GORDON, THEODORA, and finally NASSAU, intermixed privateering with a blockade running and charter service to the Confederate States as a transport and picket ship. She was built as CAROLINA at Greenpoint, N.Y., in 1852 for service as a coastal packet out of Charleston, S.C., occasionally crossing to Havana, Cuba. Upon outbreak of Civil War she was strengthened and refitted a the Gordon, under Capt. T. J. Lockwood, and placed in commission as a privateer at Charleston on 15 July 1861. Gordon captured the American brig WILLIAM MCGILVERY off Charleston on 25 July 1861 and the American schooner PROTECTOR fell into her hands off Hatteras Inlet on the 28th. She was reported to have run the blockade out of Charleston 27 times by October 1861. At that time she was under charter to the Confederate States for the daily reconnoiter of the Union warships off that port. Of so light draft that she could slip over the bar without being confined to the channels, she kept barely out of reach of the guns of the Federal warships, which finally ignored her, being aware of her speed and the futility of chase. On 4 and 5 October 1861, with officers of NASHVILLE, Mr. John Slidell and two young ladies of his family on board, she boldly approached to within 3 miles of the Federal fleet in broad daylight and found herself ignored. This set the stage for her charter by authority of Secretary of State Hunter to run the Federal Blockade with Confederate diplomats, John Slidell and James M. Mason, to the West Indies. GORDON, with her name changed to THEODORA, slipped over the bar at Charleston at 1 a.m., 12 October 1861, having embarked Mason and Slidell and their parties to run the blockade to the West Indies. Too fast to be overtaken at sea, her light draft enabled her to hug the coast to escape the Federal blockading fleet. On 14 October she chased the American armed schooner H. W. JOHNSON into the mouth of the Harbor at Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas. Two days later she came off Cardenas, Cuba, dipped the Confederate flag in salute to an approaching Spanish steamer, and was escorted into port where she landed her distinguished passengers on the 18th. This mission proved to be one in a chain of events that led to the famous "Trent Affair" and brought on bitter relations between the United States and England. THEODORA continued to run the blockade out of Charleston and Wilmington, primarily to Nassau, where she caused consternation to observant commanders of Federal warships. By making herself a target of chase, she unsuccessfully attempted to lure USS FLAMBEAU away from Nassau during 17-18 December 1861, hoping to allow opportunity for British steamer GLADIATOR to escape from that port with her cargo of munitions said to be sufficient to arm 25,000 Confederates. She got safely into Mobile, changed her name to NASSAU under British colors, and continued to slip in and out of Wilmington until 28 May 1862. On that day she was discovered running for Fort Caswell, N.C., and was, cut off by Federal warships STATE OF GEORGIA and VICTORIA. She continued running close to land until stopped by direct shots by VICTORIA, then hauled down her British colors as her crew put off in boats for shore. A well directed shot from VICTORIA landed in the midst of the crew as they reached shore, killing one and injuring another. The remainder of the crew escaped into the woods. THEODORA was under command of the famous blockade runner, Captain Walker, when captured. On 28 May 1862, a prize crew of 24 officers and men from VICTORIA found her loaded with Enfield rifles, ammunition, clothing and medicines intended for the Confederate Army. She was sent to New York for adjudication as a prize of war. THIRTY-FIFTH PARALLEL SwStr: t. 419 THIRTY-FIFTH PARALLEL, also known as PARALLEL, was constructed at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1859, and operated Page 576 out of New Orleans. She was outfitted with protective cotton-baling, and taken into Confederate army service in the Tallahatchie and Mississippi Rivers. In March 1863 Comdr. I. N. Brown, CSN, took her 70 miles up the Tallahatchie where he transferred to the steamer ST. MARY's to make observations. THIRTY-FIFTH PARALLEL proceeded ahead into Federal territory and, encountering an extremely narrow stream, was disabled, run ashore, and burned to prevent capture by advancing Union forces in Chillicothe and Baron DeKalo. THOMAS JEFFERSON, see JAMESTOWN THOMAS L. WRAGG, see NASHVILLE Time Str TIME was a steamer used as a Confederate transport for conveying supplies into the Pensacola Navy Yard. When that yard was abandoned in March 1862, naval stores were ordered loaded on TIME for removal to the interior. TOM SUGG SwStr: t. 62; l. 90'; b. 22'; dph. 3'6"; a. 2 guns TOM SUGG, also known as SUGG, a wooden river steamer built in Cincinnati, Ohio, was outfitted with protective cotton-cladding and armament for use as a Confederate gunboat in the White River, Ark. On 14 August 1863 while steaming in company with KASKASKIA she was captured by USS CRICKET in the Little Red River. Purchased from the Illinois Prize Court by the Union Navy on 29 September 1863, and described as an "excellent vessel" by Adm. D. D. Porter, she served as USS TENSAS during the remainder of the war. TORCH ScStr: cpl. 11; a. triple-torpedo spar Lt. Lewis R. Hill, CSN, commanded CSS TORCH on the Charleston station 18634. As reported by a Confederate deserter in January 1864, TORCH, a steamer, was "built like the other ironclads [CHARLESTON, PALMETTO STATE, CHICORA], but is very small. Has no guns mounted, but has a pole projecting from her bow, with three branches at the end, with a torpedo on each. The pole is about 12 feet long. Each torpedo is about the size of the one on the Charleston, and contains about 70 pounds of powder." The craft was launched at Charleston the summer of 1863, apparently unchristened, and "taken to Marsh's shipyard where a second-hand steam engine was placed in it and a spar designed to carry three 100-pound torpedoes was attached." Carrying six 75-pound torpedoes (mines), she left her moorings 20 August with a volunteer crew of Charlestonians under a naturalized Briton, experienced blockade runner Capt. James Carlin. At Fort Sumter they picked up Lt. E. S. Fickling, CSA and 11 soldiers of the 1st South Carolina Artillery in case of attack by Federal launches. Passing the harbor obstructions after midnight, they sighted USS NEW IRONSIDES, Capt. Stephen C. Rowan, anchored "across the channel and heading for Morris Island," with five monitors moored nearby. The watch officer on the big ironclad was startled by "a strange vessel, sitting very low in the water and having the appearance of being a large boat, coming up astern very fast." Captain Carlin, 40 yards off, found TORCH too slow in answering the helm and "discovered as we ranged up alongside that in consequence of the IRONSIDES being in the act of swinging to the ebb we must miss with our torpedoes, but feared that her chain cable would either ignite them or detain us alongside. In either case we must have been captured." To repeated hails Carlin responded, "The steamer LIVE YANKEE" from Port Royal. At this tense moment, TORCH's engine caught on dead center; IRONSIDES beat to quarters, fired a rocket and threatened to board while Carlin's sharpshooters nearly let go a volley that would have betrayed the smaller craft-Carlin gave orders "in time to prevent the firing upon some sailors that were looking at us from the ports. I saw they were not boarding and I immediately ordered the men to hold and not fire. They dropped immediately, showing specimen of the effect of good discipline." In two minutes the little band drifted "just clear of his bow and out of danger of being boarded except by launches"; out of reach of the enemy's broadside, TORCH was momentarily safe until IRONSIDES' "chain had been slipped, and backing astern, the bow guns were fired" at the retreating Confederates; for, in the nick of time, the recalcitrant engine started and TORCH was off toward Fort Moultrie. After this hairbreadth escape, Captain Carlin felt it his "duty most unhesitatingly to express my condemnation of the vessel and engine for the purposes it was intended, and as soon as she can be docked and the leak stopped, would advise making a transport out of her." The following year, 1864, she was commanded by Lt. Lewis R. Hill, CSN, but her role remains obscure. A contemporary reported long afterward that she had been a "tub-like model" with an inefficient, "second-hand and much worn engine" and "could only be kept afloat by bailing." A Lt. Clarence L. Stanton, CSN, had said of her that she had never been iron- plated, despite reports to the contrary, was structurally unsound and little used in consequence. A Major Lee, CSA, from his report to General Beauregard seems to have obtained from Secretary Mallory the transfer of her unfinished hull on the ways and to have engined her, although originally she had been intended for a permanently anchored floating battery. The presumption is that TORCH was relegated to such immobile status after her escapade of 21 August 1863. TORPEDO ScStr: t. 150; l. 70'; b. 16'; dph. 6' 6"; a. 1 gun or 2 20-pdr. TORPEDO, a screw steamer, was placed under the command of Lt. H. Davidson, CSN, and attached to the squadron of Flag Officer S. Barron, CSN. She served only in the James River as a torpedo boat tender. Early in July 1863 she was stripped of her guns and made a flag-of-truce boat by Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States, who hoped to bear a written communication from Jefferson Davis to Abraham Lincoln. Stephens' request to carry the message to Washington on the TORPEDO was refused. She was cited as being in charge of James River submarine batteries in November 1863. TORPEDO's guns were remounted and she participated in the James River operations including the attempted passage of the obstructions in Trent's Reach, 23-24 January 1865. TORPEDO was partially burned and sunk on 3 April 1865 to prevent her capture by the Union forces who entered Richmond. She was raised and sent to Norfolk Navy Yard in May 1865. TOWNS Str TOWNS, a light draft steamer, was used in towing ships into the Warwick River, Va., where they were sunk as obstructions in September 1861. Page 577 TRANSPORT SwStr: c. t. 40 TRANSPORT, a light draft tug, was in Confederate service in Charleston, S.C. She was captured by the Federals when Charleston fell in February 1865 and later served with the U.S. Navy before being transferred to the Army in July 1865., TREATY Str TREATY, a Confederate tug, was captured by a boat from USS ALBATROSS in the Santee River on 20 June 1862. She then was taken into Union service and used in coastal waters and rivers of South Carolina. TRENT Str TRENT was used to transport Confederate provisions on the Mississippi and Red Rivers during 1862-63. TROPIC, see HUNTRESS TUREL Str TUREL was used as a transport by the Army between the forts, Navy Yard, and armed positions in the vicinity of Pensacola, Fla. When the yard at Pensacola was abandoned by the Confederates in March 1862, she carried stores, machinery and other military cargo up the Escambia River, having been ordered to cut down trees and place every obstruction possible in the river behind her. A steamer of very light draft, she arrived safely at a point deemed beyond Federal reach and unloaded her freight. TUSCALOOSA Bark: t. 500 The American bark CONRAD, en route from Buenos Aires to New York with a cargo of wool and goat skins, was captured by CSS ALABAMA on 20 June 1863. Being fast and well adapted for a cruiser, Capt. R. Semmes, CSN, commissioned her the next day as a cruiser and tender to the ALABAMA, renaming her TUSCALOOSA. Three 12-pounders and a plentiful supply of rifles, pistols and ammunition were transferred to her with enough provisions for a 3-month cruise. Lt. J. Low, CSN, with 15 men was ordered on board with instructions for an African cruise in the direction of the Cape of Good Hope. On 31 July TUSCALOOSA captured the American ship SANTEE with a cargo of rice and bonded her for $150,000. On 8 August, Low brought his ship into Simon's Bay in South Africa, departing thence for a 90-day cruise during which he stopped at Angra Pequena, Southwest Africa, to discharge TUSCALOOSA's cargo of wool and goat skins. On 19 November he put into St. Catherine's, Brazil, for supplies but was not allowed to purchase them and was informed he must depart before nightfall. From there TUSCALOOSA returned to Simon's Bay on 26 December only to be seized by British authorities as an uncondemned prize which had violated the neutrality of Her Majesty's Government. They ordered her to be held until properly reclaimed by her original owners. Lieutenant Low and his men left the ship and an officer and men from HMS NARCISSUS were placed on board. Her owners did not reclaim her and in March 1864 she was released by the British authorities. IrcRam: l. 152'; b. 34; dph. 10' 6"; dr. 8'; s. 3 k.; cpl. 120; a. 1 6.4" r., 3 32-pdr. [planned]; type Heavy ALBEMARLE CSS TUSCALOOSA, an ironclad floating battery, was launched at Selma, Ala., 7 February 1863. She was designed as a ram to mount four guns and to have the protection of 4-inch iron plating supplied by Schofield & Markham and Shelby Iron Co. Engined before launching, TUSCALOOSA proceeded under her own power to Mobile for completion. Under Commander C. H. McBlair, CSN, she served in the Mobile area until Mobile's capitulation on 12 April 1865 when the Confederates sank her in the Spanish River 12 miles north of the city. TUSCARORA SwStr: a. 1 32-pdr., 1 8" col. TUSCARORA was purchased from the Southern Steamship Co. of New Orleans, La., in 1861 and converted into a ship-of-war. On 12 October, while under Comdr. B. Kennon, CSN, she participated in a spirited engagement between the Confederate fleet commanded by Flag Officer G. N. Hollins, CSN, and vessels of the Union blockading squadron at Head of the Passes, Mississippi River. She accidentally burned near Helena, Ark., on 23 November 1861. TWILIGHT Str: t. 392 TWILIGHT, a large Confederate steam transport operated in the Ouachita River, La., during 1864-65.