L. MILLANDON, see GENERAL STERLING PRICE LADIES' GUNBOAT, see CHARLESTON LADIES' RAM, see GEORGIA LADY DAVIS ScTug: t. 250; a. 1 24-pdr., 1 12-pdr. r. LADY DAVIS, formerly the Richmond iron, steam tug JAMES GRAY, built at Philadelphia in 1858, was purchased in March 1861 by Governor Pickens of South Carolina, who armed her and placed in command Lt. W. G. Dozier, South Carolina Navy, with orders to thwart reinforcement of Fort Sumter by Union troops. On 7 May 1861 LADY DAVIS was purchased by the Confederacy for $32,000 and commissioned in the Confederate Navy, operating thereafter along the Georgia as well as the South Carolina coasts. Lt. T. P. Pelot, CSN, took command about 5 days later, relieving Lt. E. C. Stockton, South Carolina Navy. At that time, the little gunboat served as flagship of Commodore Tattnall's Savannah Defense Squadron, consisting of CSS (Old) SAVANNAH, SAMSON and RESOLUTE. On 19 May LADY DAVIS began her career with distinction by capturing and taking into Beaufort the A. B. THOMPSON, a full-rigged ship of 980 tons and a crew of 23 out of Brunswick, Maine whom she encountered off Savannah while on an expedition seeking the U.S. armed brig PERRY. The exploit culminated in acrimonious litigation to decide whether an Army captain and a dozen of his soldiers should share in the prize money. Capt. Stephen Elliott, Jr., CSA, happened to be on board and acted as pilot during the capture and afterward, while his men claimed to have helped bring in the prize. On the following day, the crew were reenlisted into the Confederate States Navy, the State officers being replaced by regulars between then and 1 June. LADY DAVIS's rifled gun remained the property of South Carolina, on loan, while the other, a 24-pounder howitzer, was a gift outright to the Confederacy. By November, Lt. John Rutledge commanded her. She joined in the battle of Port Royal, S.C., 7 November 1861. Although her engines were transferred to CSS PALMETTO STATE late in 1862, well built iron hulls were in great demand and she was able to continue her successful career as a privately owned blockade runner out of Charleston. With the occupation of Charleston in 1865 by Federal forces, LADY DAVIS was captured and turned over to the Light House Board by Adm. J. A. Dahlgren, who praised her hull, while noting that she was, again, minus her machinery, whose disposition is not recorded. Page 542 LADY FOOTE, see ALFRED ROBB LADY WALTON StwStr: t. 150 LADY WALTON, built in 1858 at Cincinnati, Ohio, operated as a Confederate steamer until 6 June 1863 when she came down the Little Rock River and surrendered to USS TYLER at the mouth of the White River. The prize was sent to Cairo, Ill., for appraisal. LANDES, see LANDIS LANDIS SwStr: t. 377; l. 190'; b. 30'; dph. 9'; cpl. 75 LANDIS, also known as JOSEPH LANDIS, I. C. LANDIS, and LANDES, was a high pressure steamer built in 1853 at Cincinnati, Ohio. She was partly owned by her Master, M. Davis, until acquired at New Orleans by the Confederate States in 1862 to be used primarily as a tender to CSS LOUISIANA. On 22 April 1861, Captain Davis had applied for a letter of marque, with Peter Marcy and others, at New Orleans, alleging JOSEPH LANDIS was "very fast." [See Annex I.] Under Captain Davis, LANDIS was attached to the force of Capt. J. K. Mitchell, CSN, commanding Confederate naval forces in the lower Mississippi in the area of the Confederate forts St. Philip and Jackson. On 20 April 1862 she helped tow the unfinished and still unmanageable Confederate warship LOUISIANA into place near the guns of Fort St. Philip, in anticipation of a defensive engagement with Union forces. LANDIS also served as living quarters for many of the officers and crew of LOUISIANA while the latter, with mechanics on board working day and night, was being prepared for battle. Flag Officer D. G. Farragut, USN, ran his fleet up the lower Mississippi past the Confederate forts on 24 April 1862, and inflicted great damage on the Confederate ships. LANDIS, although remaining seaworthy, was seriously hurt. Captain Davis and his crew left her and turned her over to Captain Mitchell to be operated directly by the Confederate Navy. The Confederate forts, Jackson and St. Philip, surrendered on 28 April 1862 to Comdr. D. D. Porter, USN. Captain Mitchell set fire to LOUISIANA on the east bank of the Mississippi near Fort St. Philip to keep her from falling into Union hands. He and his men realizing that capture was inevitable, retired to the opposite shore with the unarmed tenders LANDIS and W. BURTON. After three Federal gunboats fired over them, LANDIS and W. BURTON, under Captain Mitchell, surrendered to Commander Porter. LANDIS was used by the U.S. Army as a tugboat and transport in the Mississippi River and Gulf areas for the rest of the war. LAPWING Bark LAPWING sailed from Boston, Mass., en route to Batavia, Java, with a cargo of coal, tobacco, and provisions when she was captured by CSS FLORIDA on 28 March 1863. Lt. J. N. Maffitt, CSN, commanding FLORIDA, transferred two howitzers, two officers, and 18 men to the prize and placed Lt. S. W. Averett, CSN, in command with orders to meet him in longitude 30 degrees W. on the Equator or at the island of Fernando de Noronha. At that time Averett was addressed as commanding officer of the C.S. tender ORETO but thereafter this ship was referred to as LAPWING. FLORIDA fell in with LAPWING off the coat of Brazil on 14 April and again on 3 May. Lieutenant Averett reported the capture on 20 April of the American ship KATE DYER bonded by him because she bore a neutral cargo. His ship was leaking so badly at the time that she was unfit for cruising, consequently her armament was returned to FLORIDA. Averett was replaced by Acting Master R. S. Floyd, CSN, who was directed to anchor under the Rocas, 80 miles west of Fernando de Noronha where FLORIDA would coal. Floyd waited the stipulated 30 days, but faced with a shortage of provisions, burned his ship on 20 June 1863. He and his men went ashore in the ship's boats and reported to the Confederate agent at Barbados Island. LAUNCH NO. 1 LAUNCH NO. 1, Acting Master J. M. Rogers in command, was present with CSS COTTON, HART, and SEGAR in Berwick Bay when Union gunboats came up to engage in early November 1862. LAUNCH NO. 1 was ordered up Lake Teche to Indian Bend where she continued her service. LAUNCH NO. 3 StLch: cpl. 20; a. 1 how. LAUNCH NO. 3, Acting Master Tilford in command was one of the units of J. K. Mitchell's Confederate States River Defense Force in the lower Mississippi. She served as a picket and scout below New Orleans and was lost in the defense of Forts St. Philip and Jackson on 24 April 1862. LAUNCH NO. 6 StLch: cpl. 20; a. 1 how. LAUNCH NO. 6, Acting Master Fairbanks in command was a ship of the Confederate States River Defense Force assigned to the lower Mississippi. She was charged by General Duncan, CSA, with keeping fires lighted on the bank of the river below Fort St. Philip on 22-23 April 1862, and with maintaining a vigilant lookout for the Federal fleet under Farragut. LAUNCH NO. 6 was lost in the defense of Forts St. Philip and Jackson on 24 April 1862. LAURA Sch LAURA, a Confederate schooner, sailed to Key West from the mainland on 23 October 1861. There her crew deserted and she was taken into custody by the United States schooner WANDERER. It is not at all certain that she was a public vessel. LAUREL ScStr: t. 386 dw.; dr. 11'; s. 13 k. LAUREL was a new, reputedly fast, 140-horsepower, Liverpool packet, Clyde-built by A. and J. Inglis to ply the Irish Sea to Sligo. The Confederacy's Comdr. James D. Bulloch bought her on 4 October 1864 at Liverpool. She cleared the 9th, ostensibly "for Matamoras, Mexico, via Havana and Nassau," the same day as SEA KING from London and carrying a larger than ordinary crew. Commanded in fact by Lt. John F. Ramsay, CSN, whoever her titular "master," LAUREL rendezvoused at Funchal, Madeira, with SEA KING, about to be commissioned CSS SHENANDOAH. The steamer brought the cruiser her new commander, Lt. James I. Waddell, CSN all but one of her officers, her prospective crew members Page 543 (British), guns, ammunition and stores. In the group was a nucleus of veterans from ALABAMA, including her Chief Bos'n George Harwood to persuade his fellow-countrymen to enlist-including as many as possible of LAUREL's surplus hands. LAUREL arrived first, coaled and went outside to meet Sea King upon her arrival-she transferred men and gear to Sea King, then departed for Tenerife to land 33 crewmen unwilling to ship under Confederate articles. Continuing on to Nassau to keep up appearance of completing a commercial voyage, LAUREL then ran into Wilmington, N.C., prepared to load cotton. Secretary Mallory, deciding 16 December that LAUREL's 11.6-knot actual top speed was not enough and 11 feet with only 500 bales was too deep draught for the Cape Fear entrances, wrote Comdr. Bulloch, "I have directed the sale of the Laurel." Next day he wrote, "Lt. Ramsay arrived in Richmond and upon his representations the Secretary of the Treasury [George Trenholm] decided to take the LAUREL at cost to us, and load her with cotton for Liverpool on account of the Treasury. Her register will be changed and she will be consigned to Messrs. Fraser, Trenholm & Co. [Liverpool]. Lieutenant Ramsay will remain in command." LAUREL was duly renamed CONFEDERATE STATES and survived the war, becoming WALTER STANHOPE, still under British register, and finally Peter Hutcheson's NIOBE of Glasgow, also losing a mast at this time. LAURENT MILLAUDON. see GENERAL STERLING PRICE LAVINIA, see HARRIET LANE LE COMPT, see LECOMPT LE GRAND SwStr: t. 235 LE GRAND or LA GRAND, built at New Albany, Ind., in 1856 and first enrolled at Mobile, served the Confederacy, probably as an Army transport or store ship in the Western rivers; little is known of her but the fact that in September 1864 she was carrying some heavy chain for the Army Engineer Department somewhere in the Mobile-Tensas River area. LECOMPT Sch LECOMPT, also known as LECOMPTE or LE COMPT, was chartered at Matagorda, Tex., by the Confederate army on 12 February 1862, to guard and patrol the different channels of the area and along the Matagorda peninsula. LECOMPT was captured by USS WESTFIELD and CLIFTON in Matagorda Bay, a few days before they bombarded Lavaca, Tex., in a futile effort to take that town. LECOMPT returned to Confederate ownership when Galveston was recaptured from Union forces in January 1863. LECOMPT ran aground on Bird Key Spit in Galveston Bay on 24 May 1865 while being chased by USS CORNUBIA. She wound up a wreck on Bolivar Point Beach. LECOMPTE, see LECOMPT LEESBURG Str LEESBURG, alternatively spelled LEESBURGH, was employed in the Savannah River as a transport from 1862 through the end of the war. While under temporary command of Lt. Comdr. J. S. Kennard, CSN, she figured in laying and removing torpedoes from the river during the last months of the war. LEESBURGH, see LEESBURG LEVIATHAN ScTug: dr. 9'-11' LEVIATHAN was a new, fast steamer belonging to the U.S. Army Quartermaster Department, she became the shortest-lived Confederate privateer on record, not excepting CALEB CUSHING. LEVIATHAN was captured 22 September 1863 by Acting Master David Nicols, CSN, an engineer and 18 men in TEASER (q.v.) during a daring raid off the mouths of the Mississippi but recaptured a few hours later by USS DE SOTO. LEWIS CASS Sch: cpl. 45; a. 1 68-pdr. CSS LEWIS CASS, originally the United States Revenue Cutter LEWIS CASS, was seized by the Alabama authorities on 31 January 1861 and later turned over to the Confederate States Navy. Capt. J. J. Morrison, commanding the cutter LEWIS CASS at Mobile, decided, like General Lee, to cast his lot with the Confederacy, and accordingly turned over his ship to Alabama 30 January 1861. The crew remained loyal to the United States and made its way through the hostile South to reach Northern territory. LITTLE REBEL ScRam: t. 159; dr. 12'; s. 10 k.; a. 3 12-pdr. r. LITTLE REBEL was built as R. E. & A. N. Watson at Belle Vernon, Pa., in 1859. She was acquired at New Orleans, La., by the Confederate Army, and selected by Capt. J. E. Montgomery, CSN, to be part of his River Defense Fleet. On 25 January 1862 Montgomery began her conversion to a cottonclad ram by placing a 4-inch oak sheath with a 1-inch iron covering on her bow, and by installing double pine bulkheads filled with compressed cotton bales. [See Annex II.] On 11 April LITTLE REBEL's conversion was completed and she steamed from New Orleans to Fort Pillow, Tenn., where she operated in defense of the river approaches to Memphis, Tenn. On 10 May 1862, off Fort Pillow, LITTLE REBEL, in company with seven other vessels under Captain Montgomery, attacked the ironclad gunboats of the Federal Mississippi Flotilla. The action of Plum Point Bend witnessed successful ramming tactics by the Confederates, but LITTLE REBEL, under Capt. J. White Fowler, serving as Montgomery's flagship, was unable to get into the battle except with her guns. Brig. Gen. M. J. Thompson, CSA, who witnessed the battle said that LITTLE REBEL, under a shower of enemy missiles, "ran amid the storm as heedlessly as if charmed." Meanwhile her guns supported Montgomery's other vessels which were ramming Union boats. Later Montgomery's force held off the Federal rams and gunboats until Fort Pillow was evacuated on 1 June. Then the Confederate vessels fell back on Memphis to take on coal. Following the Federal capture of Fort Pillow, Flag Officer C. H. Davis, USN, commanding the Mississippi Flotilla pressed on without delay and appeared off Memphis with a superior force on 6 June 1862. Montgomery, unable to retreat to Vicksburg, Miss., because of his shortage of fuel, and unwilling to destroy his boats, determined to fight against heavy odds. In the ensuing Battle of Memphis, LITTLE REBEL attacked the ram MONARCH, one of two vessels in the Page 544 Union force under Col. C. Ellet Jr., USA. MONARCH met the attack and ran LITTLE REBEL towards the Arkansas shore. The Confederate vessel was hit by fire from USS CARONDELET and then was struck by MONARCH and beached by the blow. LITTLE REEL was captured and taken into Federal service. LIVINGTON SwStr: l. 180; b. 40'; dph. 9' 6"; a. 2 30-pdr. r., 4 shell guns CSS LIVINGSTON was constructed at New Orleans, La., during 1861, a ferry or towboat converted to a warship on the ways by John Hughes and Co. In January 1862 she was taken up the Mississippi River to Columbus Ky., to be fitted for service and during much of that year operated in the vicinity of Island No. 10, with Comdr. R. F. Pinkney, CSN, in command. She formed part of the flotilla, at one time numbering 17 vessels, under command of Brig. Gen. M. Lovell, CSA. Secretary of the Navy S. R. Mallory wrote General Lovell on 23 January 1862: "The LIVINSTON you will find to be, I think, a superior steamer, capable of doing capital service ***” Later she ascended the Yazoo River in Mississippi where she was burned by the Confederates on 26 June 1862 to prevent capture. An opinion of her somewhat divergent from Sec. Mallory's was expressed by Midshipman James M. Morgan, CSN, who served in her: "There had also been built (from designs by a locomotive roundhouse architect, I suppose) the most wonderful contraption that was ever seen afloat, called the LIVINSTON; she carried 6 guns, 3 for'd and 3 abaft the paddle boxes, and she was almost circular in shape. She was so slow that her crew facetiously complained that when she was going downstream at full speed they could not sleep on account of the drift logs catching up with her and bumping against the stern." LIZZIE SIMMONS, see PONTCHARTRAIN LOGAN SwStr: t. 296 LOGAN, an iron hulled steamer, was built in 1855 at Wilmington, Del. In 1861 she was chartered by the State of Virginia and served the Confederate army as a transport in the Virginia rivers. LOGAN was burned at Barrett's Landing, 25 miles above White House, Va., on the Pamunkey River by Confederate forces evacuating the area at the approach of CURRITUCK and SETH LOW under Lt. A. Murray, USN. LONE STAR SwStr: t. 126 LONE STAR, a light draft steamer built in 1854 at Louisville, Ky., was operated out of Galveston, Tex., where she was chartered by the Texas Marine Department [See Annex III] in July 1863. She served as a transport in Texas coastal waters for the remainder of the war. LORD CLYDE, see A. D. VANCE LOUIS D' OR SwStr: t. 343; l. 180'; b. 32'; dph. 7' LOUIS D' OR was built in 1860 at Cincinnati, Ohio, and operated as a New Orleans steamboat. She was taken over by the Confederate Government and operated by the Navy as a cargo ship on the Mississippi and Red Rivers. LOUISIANA IrcStr: t. 1,400; l. 264'; b. 62'; cpl. ca. 300; a. 2 7-inch rifles, 3 9-inch shell guns, 4 8-inch shell guns and 7 32- pdr. r. LOUISIANA was designed for four engines, two paddle-wheels in a center- well and two propellers, with twin rudders. Her casemate-all four sides sloping sharply at nearly a 45 degree angle extended her full length, less 25 feet at each end, and was covered by "T" railroad iron in two courses, while its top was encompassed by sheet iron bulwarks nearly four feet high. CSS LOUISIANA was begun by E. C. Murray at New Orleans in mid-October 1861, but lack of materials impeded her completion. On 20 April 1862 after Union mortar boats under Comdr. D. D. Porter, USN, had been shelling Fort St. Philip and Fort Jackson incessantly for two days, Louisiana, although unfinished and unready for action, was towed to Fort St. Philip. There, in anticipation of a Federal drive past the forts, up the lower Mississippi and into New Orleans, she was to participate with the Confederate naval force, in conjunction with the River Defense Fleet and the forts, in defending the passage to the city. Louisiana, still incomplete, had insufficient power to maneuver as a warship in any naval action. Capt. J. K. Mitchell, CSN, commanding the naval forces in the lower Mississippi, decided that she should be operated as a floating battery. Accordingly he had her tied to the eastern bank of the Mississippi a half mile above Fort St. Philip. With mechanics on board working furiously night and day to prepare her batteries for action, Louisiana lay just clear of the line of fire of Commander Porter's mortar boats which continued bombarding the forts. On 24 April 1862, Flag Officer D. G. Farragut, USN, ran his fleet past the forts on his way to capture New Orleans. Almost all of the Confederate ships were destroyed in the action. LOUISIANA, under Comdr. C. F. McIntosh, CSN, might have posed a serious threat to the Union fleet, but her lack of maneuverability and the inadequacy of some of her gun mountings which limited the direction of her fire made it impossible for the Confederates to make use of her full potential. Yet, for the most part the ironclad remained impregnable, and posed a constant danger to any Federal ship coming within her range and line of fire. USS IROQUOIS which came against her delivered a full broadside at a distance of a few feet, but did her little serious damage, while she herself was riddled by LOUISIANA'S fire. After Farragut's fleet passed the forts on 24 April, Commander Porter remained in the lower Mississippi with his mortar boats, completely isolating the Confederate force. Meanwhile Captain Mitchell worked frantically to get LOUISIANA's propellers ready for service so that she might sail effectively against the Federals. On 28 April 1862 just before this work was completed, the forts, with their communications cut off, surrendered to Commander Porter. Captain Mitchell, realizing that the defeat of his force was now inevitable, and not considering himself bound by the surrender of the military garrison, set fire to LOUISIANA and retired on her two tenders to the opposite bank, where he was later captured. Meanwhile, as the articles of capitulation of the forts were being drawn up under flags-of-truce on board Commander Porter's flagship, the burning LOUISIANA broke loose and drifted downstream. Her guns fired as the flames reached their charges, and then the whole ship exploded violently in front of Fort St. Philip, and was seen and heard for many miles. LOUISIANA (corvette), see under TEXAS Page 545 LOUISVILLE SwStr: t. 743; l. 231.5'; b. 38.6'; dph. 7.5 LOUISVILLE, later known as OUACHITA and VICKSBURG, was built at New Albany, Ind., in 1861 and served privately in the Mississippi River area. Adm. D. D. Porter, USN, described her as "one of the largest and best steamers in western waters," and "the pride of the Mississippi." The Confederate army fitted her out at Port Hudson, La., in February 1863, and used her in the Mississippi River area as a cargo ship. LOUISVILLE was captured on 13 July 1863 on the Little River, La., by MANITOU and RATTLER. These had sailed from the juncture of the Black, Ouachita and Tensas Rivers, and were part of a gunboat force under Lt. Comdr. T. Selfridge, USN, sent by Acting Rear Admiral Porter, USN. LOUISVILLE was renamed OUACHITA on 29 September 1863 at Admiral Porter's request, and was commissioned in the U.S. Navy on 18 January 1864. She was operated privately after the war as VICKSBURG, and sold abroad in 1869. LUCY GWIN StwStr: t. 152 LUCY GWIN also called LUCY GWYNN, LUCY GWINN, and GWINN, was built in Freedom, Pa., in 1859. Her home port was Galveston, Tex., and in 1861 she passed into the Texas Marine Department under Confederate army control. [See Annex III]. LUCY GWIN served as a transport and cargo ship along the Texas coast. She was surrendered at Matagorda to Union forces in late spring of 1865 but was carried off and anchored at Bagdad, on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande where demands for her return were made of the controlling French authorities. LUCY GWINN, see LUCY GWIN LUCY GWYNN, see LUCY GWIN LYNN BOYD Str LYNN BOYD, under Captain Smedley, proceeded in company with Dunbar on 4 February 1862 from Fort Henry to Paris Landing, Tenn., for two Confederate Army regiments stationed there. Fort Henry was surrendered on 6 February and LYNN BOYD was burned on the Tennessee River, at the mouth of Duck River, 7 February, to prevent her capture by Federal gunboats. LYNX SwStr LYNX was a long, very fast paddle-steamer with two stacks and two masts, all painted white. Managed by John Fraser & Co., Charleston, she carried Confederate Government cargo and is believed to have been a public vessel for all practical purposes. She met her end bound for Bermuda, running out of Wilmington, N.C., under Captain Reid, 25 September 1864, with 600 bales of cotton, passengers and special cargo, including $50,000 in Government gold. She was hit eight times, six below the waterline, by the 100-pounder and 30- pounder rifles of much slower USS HOWQUAH, assisted by NIPHON and GOVERNOR BUCKINGHAM; sinking, with one of her wheels damaged, LNYX had to be beached about six miles below Fort Fisher. The Confederates all escaped, along with the gold, although Federal sharpshooters got near enough to wound one crew member. The ship's remains were set afire. Ironically, an intelligence report to Secretary Welles, about 1 September 1864, had warned that, "the swift steamers LYNX and BADGER were being fitted out at Wilmington to make a dash at our blockaders *** their machinery protected by compressed cotton *** each vessel having about 200 men, will sally forth early in September, and, by boarding, attempt the capture of one or more of our vessels. If precautions are not taken this plan will certainly succeed." It was a false alarm, although Lt. J. W. Balch, HOWQUAH's captain, in this instance made one of the rare charges that a blockade runner had fired back at him-but only two shots and they could have been cross-fire from the fort.