Page 588 APPENDIX II ANNEX IV THE CONFEDERATE STONE FLEET The Confederate Army and Navy found it expedient at times to construct barricade at strategic points in inland waterways to permit the escape of their forces, prevent captures, and impede the Federal advance. During the first half of 1862, two areas of Virginia, Croatan Sound and the Pamunkey River, were obstructed with numerous ships which were seized from private owners specifically for this purpose, or which had served briefly as transport. Varied sizes and types of ships, having little if any previous service were loaded with stone and sand, or filled with dirt, then towed to a designated spot and sunk as a hazard to all craft that passed. The following ships were seized by forces under Gen. J. E. Johnston, CSA, and employed to carry provisions and supplies while the arrny was at Yorktown. When the army withdrew toward Richmond, the transports were loaded with Government stores that were discharged at White House, Va., on the Pamunkey River. Most of the ships were then sunk in that vicinity during May 1862 to delay Union gunboat. Ships sunk at White House, Va., between 5 & 10 May 1862 CLAUDIA, owned by M. Williams LITTLE ADDIE, sloop owned by J. Montgomery Ships destroyed at Cooke's Island 5 & 10 May 1862 AMERICAN COASTER, schooner owned by M. Crockett, was loaded with dirt and prepared for sinking but was captured by USS CURRITUCK. She was later used as a Union transport. DAVID VANAME, schooner owned by C. Johnson DIANA HOPKINS, schooner owned by E. Phillips EXPERIMENT, schooner owned by W. Messick FRIENDSHIP, schooner owned by Allman and Watts HANNAH ANN, schooner J. & G. FAIR, schooner owned by W. Lee J. T. CONNOR, owned by J. Bagby JOSEPHINE, schooner owned by W. Dansey KING WILLIAM, schooner owned by Sayre & Fleming MARY ELIZABETH MARY LUYSTER, owned by J. T. Bland ORNAMENT, sloop owned by Crittenden and Post PALESTINE, schooner owned by Thomas *PLANTER PRINCESS, schooner owned by W. Lee R. P. WALLER, schooner owned by T. Gilliam SARAH ANN, schooner owned by W. Ward **STARLIGHT WILLIAM EDWARD, schooner owned by J. and W. Thomas WILLIAM SHANBERG, schooner owned by W. Messick and E. Phillips Ships destroyed at Garlick's landing Between 5 & 10 May 1862 JENNY LIND, schooner owned by J. F. New & Co. STAR, owned by S. Moon Ships Burned Near Indian Town Between 5 & 10 May 1862 RELIANCE WAY, schooner owned by Gresham and Bagby Ships burned at Newcastle on 17 May 1862 MARGARET SCHULTZ, owned by Harrenn and Ballown O. WHITMOND, owned by J. Wright WALTON, owned by J. Warring WATCHMAN, owned by J. Brown WAVE, owned by R. Howard WILLIAM S. RYLAND, owned by W. Berkley Ships burned at Cumberland between 5 & 10 May 1862 CALIFORNIA, schooner owned by Blassingham CAROLINE BAKER, schooner owned by F. and C. Post Ships sunk near Bassett's Landing on 17 May 1862 ALERT, owned by A. West ANN BELL, owned by W. Thomas * PLANTER, a schooner, was prepared for sinking but was captured by USS CURRITUCK on 7 May 1862. Sbe was turned over by the Union to her former owner in recognition of assistance rendered in the York and Pamunkey Rivers. ** STARLIGHT, also scheduled for destruction, was approached while underway for White House, Va., by USS CORWIN. STARLIGHT escaped up the Potopotank River where she was abandoned. She was seized by CORWIN on 16 June and sent into Norfolk at a prize. Page 589 BETTY RICHARD, owned by W. Smith FRANCIS AND THEODORE, owned by J. Arrington J. R. BAYLIS JAMES BRADEN, owned by S. Kimble JEFFERSON, schooner owned by Garefoster & Braumly JOHN ALLEN, schooner owned by S. Guy LITTLE WAVE, owned by T. Hibble MARY ALICE, owned by Captail Gage MARY BAXTER, owned by C. Parks MIRAGE OXFORD, schooner of 85 tons and 7' draft built in 1855 at Dorchester, Md., and owned by Claybrook and Dobyns PARAGON, sloop SARA WASHINGTON, schooner owned by Moore and Elliston SEA WITCH, owned by J. Robins UNION, owned by B. F. Gresham VIRGINIA, owned by E. Lawson WILD PIGEON, schooner owned by W. Messick WILLIAM AND WESLEY, schooner owned by J. Cronmonger WILLIAM FRANCIS, schooner owned by C. Coleman PART B In January 1862 Flag Officer Lynch assessed the Confederate position about Hatteras Inlet where a large fleet of Union transports and steamers had assembled under Flag Officer L. M. Goldsborough, USN, to penetrate the Sound and take Roanoke Island. Lynch wrote to Secretary of the Navy Mallory: "Here is the great thoroughfare from Albemarle Sound and its tributaries, and if the enemy obtains lodgments or succeeds in passing here he will cut off a very rich country from Norfolk Market." Before the Union force departed its anchorage at Hatteras Inlet on 5 February in its successful amphibious expedition against Roanoke Island, the Confederates anxiously labored to sink piles and ships across the sound below Weir's Points. Included among those sunk as obstructions were the following ships listed with the date of their scuttling: A. C. WILLIAMS, schooner, 19 January CARTER, schooner, 21 January JOSEPHINE, schooner, 20 January LYDIA And MARTHA, schooner, 1 February RIO, schooner, 28 January SOUTHERN STAR, schooner, 31 January SPUELL AND MOSS, schooner, 26 January TRIPLEET, schooner, 29 January ZENITH, schooner, 27 January